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# Source Code for Module xml.etree.ElementTree

       1  #
       2  # ElementTree
       3  # $Id: ElementTree.py 3440 2008-07-18 14:45:01Z fredrik $
       4  #
       5  # light-weight XML support for Python 2.3 and later.
       6  #
       7  # history (since 1.2.6):
       8  # 2005-11-12 fl   added tostringlist/fromstringlist helpers
       9  # 2006-07-05 fl   merged in selected changes from the 1.3 sandbox
      10  # 2006-07-05 fl   removed support for 2.1 and earlier
      11  # 2007-06-21 fl   added deprecation/future warnings
      12  # 2007-08-25 fl   added doctype hook, added parser version attribute etc
      13  # 2007-08-26 fl   added new serializer code (better namespace handling, etc)
      14  # 2007-08-27 fl   warn for broken /tag searches on tree level
      15  # 2007-09-02 fl   added html/text methods to serializer (experimental)
      16  # 2007-09-05 fl   added method argument to tostring/tostringlist
      17  # 2007-09-06 fl   improved error handling
      18  # 2007-09-13 fl   added itertext, iterfind; assorted cleanups
      19  # 2007-12-15 fl   added C14N hooks, copy method (experimental)
      20  #
      21  # Copyright (c) 1999-2008 by Fredrik Lundh.  All rights reserved.
      22  #
      23  # fredrik@pythonware.com
      24  # http://www.pythonware.com
      25  #
      26  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
      27  # The ElementTree toolkit is
      28  #
      29  # Copyright (c) 1999-2008 by Fredrik Lundh
      30  #
      31  # By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
      32  # associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
      33  # and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
      34  #
      35  # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
      36  # its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
      37  # hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
      38  # all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
      39  # notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
      40  # Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
      41  # pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
      42  # prior permission.
      43  #
      44  # SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
      45  # TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
      46  # ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
      47  # BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
      48  # DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
      49  # WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
      50  # ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
      51  # OF THIS SOFTWARE.
      52  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
      53
      54  # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
      55  # See http://www.python.org/psf/license for licensing details.
      56
      57  __all__ = [
      58      # public symbols
      59      "Comment",
      60      "dump",
      61      "Element", "ElementTree",
      62      "fromstring", "fromstringlist",
      63      "iselement", "iterparse",
      64      "parse", "ParseError",
      65      "PI", "ProcessingInstruction",
      66      "QName",
      67      "SubElement",
      68      "tostring", "tostringlist",
      69      "TreeBuilder",
      70      "VERSION",
      71      "XML",
      72      "XMLParser", "XMLTreeBuilder",
      73      ]
      74
      75  VERSION = "1.3.0"
      76
      77  ##
      78  # The <b>Element</b> type is a flexible container object, designed to
      79  # store hierarchical data structures in memory. The type can be
      80  # described as a cross between a list and a dictionary.
      81  # <p>
      82  # Each element has a number of properties associated with it:
      83  # <ul>
      84  # <li>a <i>tag</i>. This is a string identifying what kind of data
      85  # this element represents (the element type, in other words).</li>
      86  # <li>a number of <i>attributes</i>, stored in a Python dictionary.</li>
      87  # <li>a <i>text</i> string.</li>
      88  # <li>an optional <i>tail</i> string.</li>
      89  # <li>a number of <i>child elements</i>, stored in a Python sequence</li>
      90  # </ul>
      91  #
      92  # To create an element instance, use the {@link #Element} constructor
      93  # or the {@link #SubElement} factory function.
      94  # <p>
      95  # The {@link #ElementTree} class can be used to wrap an element
      96  # structure, and convert it from and to XML.
      97  ##
      98
      99  import sys
     100  import re
     101  import warnings
     102
     103
     104 -class _SimpleElementPath(object):
     105      # emulate pre-1.2 find/findtext/findall behaviour
     106 -    def find(self, element, tag, namespaces=None):
     107          for elem in element:
     108              if elem.tag == tag:
     109                  return elem
     110          return None
     111 -    def findtext(self, element, tag, default=None, namespaces=None):
     112          elem = self.find(element, tag)
     113          if elem is None:
     114              return default
     115          return elem.text or ""
     116 -    def iterfind(self, element, tag, namespaces=None):
     117          if tag[:3] == ".//":
     118              for elem in element.iter(tag[3:]):
     119                  yield elem
     120          for elem in element:
     121              if elem.tag == tag:
     122                  yield elem
     123 -    def findall(self, element, tag, namespaces=None):
     124          return list(self.iterfind(element, tag, namespaces))
     125
     126  try:
     127      from . import ElementPath
     128  except ImportError:
     129      ElementPath = _SimpleElementPath()
     130
     131  ##
     132  # Parser error.  This is a subclass of <b>SyntaxError</b>.
     133  # <p>
     134  # In addition to the exception value, an exception instance contains a
     135  # specific exception code in the <b>code</b> attribute, and the line and
     136  # column of the error in the <b>position</b> attribute.
     137
     138 -class ParseError(SyntaxError):
     139      pass
     140
     141  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
     142
     143  ##
     144  # Checks if an object appears to be a valid element object.
     145  #
     146  # @param An element instance.
     147  # @return A true value if this is an element object.
     148  # @defreturn flag
     149
     150 -def iselement(element):
     151      # FIXME: not sure about this; might be a better idea to look
     152      # for tag/attrib/text attributes
     153      return isinstance(element, Element) or hasattr(element, "tag")
     154
     155  ##
     156  # Element class.  This class defines the Element interface, and
     157  # provides a reference implementation of this interface.
     158  # <p>
     159  # The element name, attribute names, and attribute values can be
     160  # either ASCII strings (ordinary Python strings containing only 7-bit
     161  # ASCII characters) or Unicode strings.
     162  #
     163  # @param tag The element name.
     164  # @param attrib An optional dictionary, containing element attributes.
     165  # @param **extra Additional attributes, given as keyword arguments.
     166  # @see Element
     167  # @see SubElement
     168  # @see Comment
     169  # @see ProcessingInstruction
     170
     171 -class Element(object):
     172      # <tag attrib>text<child/>...</tag>tail
     173
     174      ##
     175      # (Attribute) Element tag.
     176
     177      tag = None
     178
     179      ##
     180      # (Attribute) Element attribute dictionary.  Where possible, use
     181      # {@link #Element.get},
     182      # {@link #Element.set},
     183      # {@link #Element.keys}, and
     184      # {@link #Element.items} to access
     185      # element attributes.
     186
     187      attrib = None
     188
     189      ##
     190      # (Attribute) Text before first subelement.  This is either a
     191      # string or the value None.  Note that if there was no text, this
     192      # attribute may be either None or an empty string, depending on
     193      # the parser.
     194
     195      text = None
     196
     197      ##
     198      # (Attribute) Text after this element's end tag, but before the
     199      # next sibling element's start tag.  This is either a string or
     200      # the value None.  Note that if there was no text, this attribute
     201      # may be either None or an empty string, depending on the parser.
     202
     203      tail = None # text after end tag, if any
     204
     205      # constructor
     206
     207 -    def __init__(self, tag, attrib={}, **extra):
     208          attrib = attrib.copy()
     209          attrib.update(extra)
     210          self.tag = tag
     211          self.attrib = attrib
     212          self._children = []
     213
     214 -    def __repr__(self):
     215          return "<Element %s at 0x%x>" % (repr(self.tag), id(self))
     216
     217      ##
     218      # Creates a new element object of the same type as this element.
     219      #
     220      # @param tag Element tag.
     221      # @param attrib Element attributes, given as a dictionary.
     222      # @return A new element instance.
     223
     224 -    def makeelement(self, tag, attrib):
     225          return self.__class__(tag, attrib)
     226
     227      ##
     228      # (Experimental) Copies the current element.  This creates a
     229      # shallow copy; subelements will be shared with the original tree.
     230      #
     231      # @return A new element instance.
     232
     233 -    def copy(self):
     234          elem = self.makeelement(self.tag, self.attrib)
     235          elem.text = self.text
     236          elem.tail = self.tail
     237          elem[:] = self
     238          return elem
     239
     240      ##
     241      # Returns the number of subelements.  Note that this only counts
     242      # full elements; to check if there's any content in an element, you
     243      # have to check both the length and the <b>text</b> attribute.
     244      #
     245      # @return The number of subelements.
     246
     247 -    def __len__(self):
     248          return len(self._children)
     249
     250 -    def __nonzero__(self):
     251          warnings.warn(
     252              "The behavior of this method will change in future versions.  "
     253              "Use specific 'len(elem)' or 'elem is not None' test instead.",
     254              FutureWarning, stacklevel=2
     255              )
     256          return len(self._children) != 0 # emulate old behaviour, for now
     257
     258      ##
     259      # Returns the given subelement, by index.
     260      #
     261      # @param index What subelement to return.
     262      # @return The given subelement.
     263      # @exception IndexError If the given element does not exist.
     264
     265 -    def __getitem__(self, index):
     266          return self._children[index]
     267
     268      ##
     269      # Replaces the given subelement, by index.
     270      #
     271      # @param index What subelement to replace.
     272      # @param element The new element value.
     273      # @exception IndexError If the given element does not exist.
     274
     275 -    def __setitem__(self, index, element):
     276          # if isinstance(index, slice):
     277          #     for elt in element:
     278          #         assert iselement(elt)
     279          # else:
     280          #     assert iselement(element)
     281          self._children[index] = element
     282
     283      ##
     284      # Deletes the given subelement, by index.
     285      #
     286      # @param index What subelement to delete.
     287      # @exception IndexError If the given element does not exist.
     288
     289 -    def __delitem__(self, index):
     290          del self._children[index]
     291
     292      ##
     293      # Adds a subelement to the end of this element.  In document order,
     294      # the new element will appear after the last existing subelement (or
     295      # directly after the text, if it's the first subelement), but before
     296      # the end tag for this element.
     297      #
     298      # @param element The element to add.
     299
     300 -    def append(self, element):
     301          # assert iselement(element)
     302          self._children.append(element)
     303
     304      ##
     305      # Appends subelements from a sequence.
     306      #
     307      # @param elements A sequence object with zero or more elements.
     308      # @since 1.3
     309
     310 -    def extend(self, elements):
     311          # for element in elements:
     312          #     assert iselement(element)
     313          self._children.extend(elements)
     314
     315      ##
     316      # Inserts a subelement at the given position in this element.
     317      #
     318      # @param index Where to insert the new subelement.
     319
     320 -    def insert(self, index, element):
     321          # assert iselement(element)
     322          self._children.insert(index, element)
     323
     324      ##
     325      # Removes a matching subelement.  Unlike the <b>find</b> methods,
     326      # this method compares elements based on identity, not on tag
     327      # value or contents.  To remove subelements by other means, the
     328      # easiest way is often to use a list comprehension to select what
     329      # elements to keep, and use slice assignment to update the parent
     330      # element.
     331      #
     332      # @param element What element to remove.
     333      # @exception ValueError If a matching element could not be found.
     334
     335 -    def remove(self, element):
     336          # assert iselement(element)
     337          self._children.remove(element)
     338
     339      ##
     340      # (Deprecated) Returns all subelements.  The elements are returned
     341      # in document order.
     342      #
     343      # @return A list of subelements.
     344      # @defreturn list of Element instances
     345
     346 -    def getchildren(self):
     347          warnings.warn(
     348              "This method will be removed in future versions.  "
     349              "Use 'list(elem)' or iteration over elem instead.",
     350              DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
     351              )
     352          return self._children
     353
     354      ##
     355      # Finds the first matching subelement, by tag name or path.
     356      #
     357      # @param path What element to look for.
     358      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     359      # @return The first matching element, or None if no element was found.
     360      # @defreturn Element or None
     361
     362 -    def find(self, path, namespaces=None):
     363          return ElementPath.find(self, path, namespaces)
     364
     365      ##
     366      # Finds text for the first matching subelement, by tag name or path.
     367      #
     368      # @param path What element to look for.
     369      # @param default What to return if the element was not found.
     370      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     371      # @return The text content of the first matching element, or the
     372      #     default value no element was found.  Note that if the element
     373      #     is found, but has no text content, this method returns an
     374      #     empty string.
     375      # @defreturn string
     376
     377 -    def findtext(self, path, default=None, namespaces=None):
     378          return ElementPath.findtext(self, path, default, namespaces)
     379
     380      ##
     381      # Finds all matching subelements, by tag name or path.
     382      #
     383      # @param path What element to look for.
     384      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     385      # @return A list or other sequence containing all matching elements,
     386      #    in document order.
     387      # @defreturn list of Element instances
     388
     389 -    def findall(self, path, namespaces=None):
     390          return ElementPath.findall(self, path, namespaces)
     391
     392      ##
     393      # Finds all matching subelements, by tag name or path.
     394      #
     395      # @param path What element to look for.
     396      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     397      # @return An iterator or sequence containing all matching elements,
     398      #    in document order.
     399      # @defreturn a generated sequence of Element instances
     400
     401 -    def iterfind(self, path, namespaces=None):
     402          return ElementPath.iterfind(self, path, namespaces)
     403
     404      ##
     405      # Resets an element.  This function removes all subelements, clears
     406      # all attributes, and sets the <b>text</b> and <b>tail</b> attributes
     407      # to None.
     408
     409 -    def clear(self):
     410          self.attrib.clear()
     411          self._children = []
     412          self.text = self.tail = None
     413
     414      ##
     415      # Gets an element attribute.  Equivalent to <b>attrib.get</b>, but
     416      # some implementations may handle this a bit more efficiently.
     417      #
     418      # @param key What attribute to look for.
     419      # @param default What to return if the attribute was not found.
     420      # @return The attribute value, or the default value, if the
     421      #     attribute was not found.
     422      # @defreturn string or None
     423
     424 -    def get(self, key, default=None):
     425          return self.attrib.get(key, default)
     426
     427      ##
     428      # Sets an element attribute.  Equivalent to <b>attrib[key] = value</b>,
     429      # but some implementations may handle this a bit more efficiently.
     430      #
     431      # @param key What attribute to set.
     432      # @param value The attribute value.
     433
     434 -    def set(self, key, value):
     435          self.attrib[key] = value
     436
     437      ##
     438      # Gets a list of attribute names.  The names are returned in an
     439      # arbitrary order (just like for an ordinary Python dictionary).
     440      # Equivalent to <b>attrib.keys()</b>.
     441      #
     442      # @return A list of element attribute names.
     443      # @defreturn list of strings
     444
     445 -    def keys(self):
     446          return self.attrib.keys()
     447
     448      ##
     449      # Gets element attributes, as a sequence.  The attributes are
     450      # returned in an arbitrary order.  Equivalent to <b>attrib.items()</b>.
     451      #
     452      # @return A list of (name, value) tuples for all attributes.
     453      # @defreturn list of (string, string) tuples
     454
     455 -    def items(self):
     456          return self.attrib.items()
     457
     458      ##
     459      # Creates a tree iterator.  The iterator loops over this element
     460      # and all subelements, in document order, and returns all elements
     461      # with a matching tag.
     462      # <p>
     463      # If the tree structure is modified during iteration, new or removed
     464      # elements may or may not be included.  To get a stable set, use the
     465      # list() function on the iterator, and loop over the resulting list.
     466      #
     467      # @param tag What tags to look for (default is to return all elements).
     468      # @return An iterator containing all the matching elements.
     469      # @defreturn iterator
     470
     471 -    def iter(self, tag=None):
     472          if tag == "*":
     473              tag = None
     474          if tag is None or self.tag == tag:
     475              yield self
     476          for e in self._children:
     477              for e in e.iter(tag):
     478                  yield e
     479
     480      # compatibility
     481 -    def getiterator(self, tag=None):
     482          # Change for a DeprecationWarning in 1.4
     483          warnings.warn(
     484              "This method will be removed in future versions.  "
     485              "Use 'elem.iter()' or 'list(elem.iter())' instead.",
     486              PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
     487          )
     488          return list(self.iter(tag))
     489
     490      ##
     491      # Creates a text iterator.  The iterator loops over this element
     492      # and all subelements, in document order, and returns all inner
     493      # text.
     494      #
     495      # @return An iterator containing all inner text.
     496      # @defreturn iterator
     497
     498 -    def itertext(self):
     499          tag = self.tag
     500          if not isinstance(tag, basestring) and tag is not None:
     501              return
     502          if self.text:
     503              yield self.text
     504          for e in self:
     505              for s in e.itertext():
     506                  yield s
     507              if e.tail:
     508                  yield e.tail
     509
     510  # compatibility
     511  _Element = _ElementInterface = Element
     512
     513  ##
     514  # Subelement factory.  This function creates an element instance, and
     515  # appends it to an existing element.
     516  # <p>
     517  # The element name, attribute names, and attribute values can be
     518  # either 8-bit ASCII strings or Unicode strings.
     519  #
     520  # @param parent The parent element.
     521  # @param tag The subelement name.
     522  # @param attrib An optional dictionary, containing element attributes.
     523  # @param **extra Additional attributes, given as keyword arguments.
     524  # @return An element instance.
     525  # @defreturn Element
     526
     527 -def SubElement(parent, tag, attrib={}, **extra):
     528      attrib = attrib.copy()
     529      attrib.update(extra)
     530      element = parent.makeelement(tag, attrib)
     531      parent.append(element)
     532      return element
     533
     534  ##
     535  # Comment element factory.  This factory function creates a special
     536  # element that will be serialized as an XML comment by the standard
     537  # serializer.
     538  # <p>
     539  # The comment string can be either an 8-bit ASCII string or a Unicode
     540  # string.
     541  #
     542  # @param text A string containing the comment string.
     543  # @return An element instance, representing a comment.
     544  # @defreturn Element
     545
     546 -def Comment(text=None):
     547      element = Element(Comment)
     548      element.text = text
     549      return element
     550
     551  ##
     552  # PI element factory.  This factory function creates a special element
     553  # that will be serialized as an XML processing instruction by the standard
     554  # serializer.
     555  #
     556  # @param target A string containing the PI target.
     557  # @param text A string containing the PI contents, if any.
     558  # @return An element instance, representing a PI.
     559  # @defreturn Element
     560
     561 -def ProcessingInstruction(target, text=None):
     562      element = Element(ProcessingInstruction)
     563      element.text = target
     564      if text:
     565          element.text = element.text + " " + text
     566      return element
     567
     568  PI = ProcessingInstruction
     569
     570  ##
     571  # QName wrapper.  This can be used to wrap a QName attribute value, in
     572  # order to get proper namespace handling on output.
     573  #
     574  # @param text A string containing the QName value, in the form {uri}local,
     575  #     or, if the tag argument is given, the URI part of a QName.
     576  # @param tag Optional tag.  If given, the first argument is interpreted as
     577  #     an URI, and this argument is interpreted as a local name.
     578  # @return An opaque object, representing the QName.
     579
     580 -class QName(object):
     581 -    def __init__(self, text_or_uri, tag=None):
     582          if tag:
     583              text_or_uri = "{%s}%s" % (text_or_uri, tag)
     584          self.text = text_or_uri
     585 -    def __str__(self):
     586          return self.text
     587 -    def __hash__(self):
     588          return hash(self.text)
     589 -    def __cmp__(self, other):
     590          if isinstance(other, QName):
     591              return cmp(self.text, other.text)
     592          return cmp(self.text, other)
     593
     594  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
     595
     596  ##
     597  # ElementTree wrapper class.  This class represents an entire element
     598  # hierarchy, and adds some extra support for serialization to and from
     599  # standard XML.
     600  #
     601  # @param element Optional root element.
     602  # @keyparam file Optional file handle or file name.  If given, the
     603  #     tree is initialized with the contents of this XML file.
     604
     605 -class ElementTree(object):
     606
     607 -    def __init__(self, element=None, file=None):
     608          # assert element is None or iselement(element)
     609          self._root = element # first node
     610          if file:
     611              self.parse(file)
     612
     613      ##
     614      # Gets the root element for this tree.
     615      #
     616      # @return An element instance.
     617      # @defreturn Element
     618
     619 -    def getroot(self):
     620          return self._root
     621
     622      ##
     623      # Replaces the root element for this tree.  This discards the
     624      # current contents of the tree, and replaces it with the given
     625      # element.  Use with care.
     626      #
     627      # @param element An element instance.
     628
     629 -    def _setroot(self, element):
     630          # assert iselement(element)
     631          self._root = element
     632
     633      ##
     634      # Loads an external XML document into this element tree.
     635      #
     636      # @param source A file name or file object.  If a file object is
     637      #     given, it only has to implement a <b>read(n)</b> method.
     638      # @keyparam parser An optional parser instance.  If not given, the
     639      #     standard {@link XMLParser} parser is used.
     640      # @return The document root element.
     641      # @defreturn Element
     642      # @exception ParseError If the parser fails to parse the document.
     643
     644 -    def parse(self, source, parser=None):
     645          close_source = False
     646          if not hasattr(source, "read"):
     647              source = open(source, "rb")
     648              close_source = True
     649          try:
     650              if not parser:
     651                  parser = XMLParser(target=TreeBuilder())
     652              while 1:
     653                  data = source.read(65536)
     654                  if not data:
     655                      break
     656                  parser.feed(data)
     657              self._root = parser.close()
     658              return self._root
     659          finally:
     660              if close_source:
     661                  source.close()
     662
     663      ##
     664      # Creates a tree iterator for the root element.  The iterator loops
     665      # over all elements in this tree, in document order.
     666      #
     667      # @param tag What tags to look for (default is to return all elements)
     668      # @return An iterator.
     669      # @defreturn iterator
     670
     671 -    def iter(self, tag=None):
     672          # assert self._root is not None
     673          return self._root.iter(tag)
     674
     675      # compatibility
     676 -    def getiterator(self, tag=None):
     677          # Change for a DeprecationWarning in 1.4
     678          warnings.warn(
     679              "This method will be removed in future versions.  "
     680              "Use 'tree.iter()' or 'list(tree.iter())' instead.",
     681              PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
     682          )
     683          return list(self.iter(tag))
     684
     685      ##
     686      # Finds the first toplevel element with given tag.
     687      # Same as getroot().find(path).
     688      #
     689      # @param path What element to look for.
     690      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     691      # @return The first matching element, or None if no element was found.
     692      # @defreturn Element or None
     693
     694 -    def find(self, path, namespaces=None):
     695          # assert self._root is not None
     696          if path[:1] == "/":
     697              path = "." + path
     698              warnings.warn(
     699                  "This search is broken in 1.3 and earlier, and will be "
     700                  "fixed in a future version.  If you rely on the current "
     701                  "behaviour, change it to %r" % path,
     702                  FutureWarning, stacklevel=2
     703                  )
     704          return self._root.find(path, namespaces)
     705
     706      ##
     707      # Finds the element text for the first toplevel element with given
     708      # tag.  Same as getroot().findtext(path).
     709      #
     710      # @param path What toplevel element to look for.
     711      # @param default What to return if the element was not found.
     712      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     713      # @return The text content of the first matching element, or the
     714      #     default value no element was found.  Note that if the element
     715      #     is found, but has no text content, this method returns an
     716      #     empty string.
     717      # @defreturn string
     718
     719 -    def findtext(self, path, default=None, namespaces=None):
     720          # assert self._root is not None
     721          if path[:1] == "/":
     722              path = "." + path
     723              warnings.warn(
     724                  "This search is broken in 1.3 and earlier, and will be "
     725                  "fixed in a future version.  If you rely on the current "
     726                  "behaviour, change it to %r" % path,
     727                  FutureWarning, stacklevel=2
     728                  )
     729          return self._root.findtext(path, default, namespaces)
     730
     731      ##
     732      # Finds all toplevel elements with the given tag.
     733      # Same as getroot().findall(path).
     734      #
     735      # @param path What element to look for.
     736      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     737      # @return A list or iterator containing all matching elements,
     738      #    in document order.
     739      # @defreturn list of Element instances
     740
     741 -    def findall(self, path, namespaces=None):
     742          # assert self._root is not None
     743          if path[:1] == "/":
     744              path = "." + path
     745              warnings.warn(
     746                  "This search is broken in 1.3 and earlier, and will be "
     747                  "fixed in a future version.  If you rely on the current "
     748                  "behaviour, change it to %r" % path,
     749                  FutureWarning, stacklevel=2
     750                  )
     751          return self._root.findall(path, namespaces)
     752
     753      ##
     754      # Finds all matching subelements, by tag name or path.
     755      # Same as getroot().iterfind(path).
     756      #
     757      # @param path What element to look for.
     758      # @keyparam namespaces Optional namespace prefix map.
     759      # @return An iterator or sequence containing all matching elements,
     760      #    in document order.
     761      # @defreturn a generated sequence of Element instances
     762
     763 -    def iterfind(self, path, namespaces=None):
     764          # assert self._root is not None
     765          if path[:1] == "/":
     766              path = "." + path
     767              warnings.warn(
     768                  "This search is broken in 1.3 and earlier, and will be "
     769                  "fixed in a future version.  If you rely on the current "
     770                  "behaviour, change it to %r" % path,
     771                  FutureWarning, stacklevel=2
     772                  )
     773          return self._root.iterfind(path, namespaces)
     774
     775      ##
     776      # Writes the element tree to a file, as XML.
     777      #
     778      # @def write(file, **options)
     779      # @param file A file name, or a file object opened for writing.
     780      # @param **options Options, given as keyword arguments.
     781      # @keyparam encoding Optional output encoding (default is US-ASCII).
     782      # @keyparam method Optional output method ("xml", "html", "text" or
     783      #     "c14n"; default is "xml").
     784      # @keyparam xml_declaration Controls if an XML declaration should
     785      #     be added to the file.  Use False for never, True for always,
     786      #     None for only if not US-ASCII or UTF-8.  None is default.
     787
     788 -    def write(self, file_or_filename,
     789                # keyword arguments
     790                encoding=None,
     791                xml_declaration=None,
     792                default_namespace=None,
     793                method=None):
     794          # assert self._root is not None
     795          if not method:
     796              method = "xml"
     797          elif method not in _serialize:
     798              # FIXME: raise an ImportError for c14n if ElementC14N is missing?
     799              raise ValueError("unknown method %r" % method)
     800          if hasattr(file_or_filename, "write"):
     801              file = file_or_filename
     802          else:
     803              file = open(file_or_filename, "wb")
     804          write = file.write
     805          if not encoding:
     806              if method == "c14n":
     807                  encoding = "utf-8"
     808              else:
     809                  encoding = "us-ascii"
     810          elif xml_declaration or (xml_declaration is None and
     811                                   encoding not in ("utf-8", "us-ascii")):
     812              if method == "xml":
     813                  write("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" % encoding)
     814          if method == "text":
     815              _serialize_text(write, self._root, encoding)
     816          else:
     817              qnames, namespaces = _namespaces(
     818                  self._root, encoding, default_namespace
     819                  )
     820              serialize = _serialize[method]
     821              serialize(write, self._root, encoding, qnames, namespaces)
     822          if file_or_filename is not file:
     823              file.close()
     824
     825 -    def write_c14n(self, file):
     826          # lxml.etree compatibility.  use output method instead
     827          return self.write(file, method="c14n")
     828
     829  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
     830  # serialization support
     831
     832 -def _namespaces(elem, encoding, default_namespace=None):
     833      # identify namespaces used in this tree
     834
     835      # maps qnames to *encoded* prefix:local names
     836      qnames = {None: None}
     837
     838      # maps uri:s to prefixes
     839      namespaces = {}
     840      if default_namespace:
     841          namespaces[default_namespace] = ""
     842
     843      def encode(text):
     844          return text.encode(encoding)
     845
     846      def add_qname(qname):
     847          # calculate serialized qname representation
     848          try:
     849              if qname[:1] == "{":
     850                  uri, tag = qname[1:].rsplit("}", 1)
     851                  prefix = namespaces.get(uri)
     852                  if prefix is None:
     853                      prefix = _namespace_map.get(uri)
     854                      if prefix is None:
     855                          prefix = "ns%d" % len(namespaces)
     856                      if prefix != "xml":
     857                          namespaces[uri] = prefix
     858                  if prefix:
     859                      qnames[qname] = encode("%s:%s" % (prefix, tag))
     860                  else:
     861                      qnames[qname] = encode(tag) # default element
     862              else:
     863                  if default_namespace:
     864                      # FIXME: can this be handled in XML 1.0?
     865                      raise ValueError(
     866                          "cannot use non-qualified names with "
     867                          "default_namespace option"
     868                          )
     869                  qnames[qname] = encode(qname)
     870          except TypeError:
     871              _raise_serialization_error(qname)
     872
     873      # populate qname and namespaces table
     874      try:
     875          iterate = elem.iter
     876      except AttributeError:
     877          iterate = elem.getiterator # cET compatibility
     878      for elem in iterate():
     879          tag = elem.tag
     880          if isinstance(tag, QName):
     881              if tag.text not in qnames:
     882                  add_qname(tag.text)
     883          elif isinstance(tag, basestring):
     884              if tag not in qnames:
     885                  add_qname(tag)
     886          elif tag is not None and tag is not Comment and tag is not PI:
     887              _raise_serialization_error(tag)
     888          for key, value in elem.items():
     889              if isinstance(key, QName):
     890                  key = key.text
     891              if key not in qnames:
     892                  add_qname(key)
     893              if isinstance(value, QName) and value.text not in qnames:
     894                  add_qname(value.text)
     895          text = elem.text
     896          if isinstance(text, QName) and text.text not in qnames:
     897              add_qname(text.text)
     898      return qnames, namespaces
     899
     900 -def _serialize_xml(write, elem, encoding, qnames, namespaces):
     901      tag = elem.tag
     902      text = elem.text
     903      if tag is Comment:
     904          write("<!--%s-->" % _encode(text, encoding))
     905      elif tag is ProcessingInstruction:
     906          write("<?%s?>" % _encode(text, encoding))
     907      else:
     908          tag = qnames[tag]
     909          if tag is None:
     910              if text:
     911                  write(_escape_cdata(text, encoding))
     912              for e in elem:
     913                  _serialize_xml(write, e, encoding, qnames, None)
     914          else:
     915              write("<" + tag)
     916              items = elem.items()
     917              if items or namespaces:
     918                  if namespaces:
     919                      for v, k in sorted(namespaces.items(),
     920                                         key=lambda x: x[1]):  # sort on prefix
     921                          if k:
     922                              k = ":" + k
     923                          write(" xmlns%s=\"%s\"" % (
     924                              k.encode(encoding),
     925                              _escape_attrib(v, encoding)
     926                              ))
     927                  for k, v in sorted(items):  # lexical order
     928                      if isinstance(k, QName):
     929                          k = k.text
     930                      if isinstance(v, QName):
     931                          v = qnames[v.text]
     932                      else:
     933                          v = _escape_attrib(v, encoding)
     934                      write(" %s=\"%s\"" % (qnames[k], v))
     935              if text or len(elem):
     936                  write(">")
     937                  if text:
     938                      write(_escape_cdata(text, encoding))
     939                  for e in elem:
     940                      _serialize_xml(write, e, encoding, qnames, None)
     941                  write("</" + tag + ">")
     942              else:
     943                  write(" />")
     944      if elem.tail:
     945          write(_escape_cdata(elem.tail, encoding))
     946
     947  HTML_EMPTY = ("area", "base", "basefont", "br", "col", "frame", "hr",
     948                "img", "input", "isindex", "link", "meta" "param")
     949
     950  try:
     951      HTML_EMPTY = set(HTML_EMPTY)
     952  except NameError:
     953      pass
     954
     955 -def _serialize_html(write, elem, encoding, qnames, namespaces):
     956      tag = elem.tag
     957      text = elem.text
     958      if tag is Comment:
     959          write("<!--%s-->" % _escape_cdata(text, encoding))
     960      elif tag is ProcessingInstruction:
     961          write("<?%s?>" % _escape_cdata(text, encoding))
     962      else:
     963          tag = qnames[tag]
     964          if tag is None:
     965              if text:
     966                  write(_escape_cdata(text, encoding))
     967              for e in elem:
     968                  _serialize_html(write, e, encoding, qnames, None)
     969          else:
     970              write("<" + tag)
     971              items = elem.items()
     972              if items or namespaces:
     973                  if namespaces:
     974                      for v, k in sorted(namespaces.items(),
     975                                         key=lambda x: x[1]):  # sort on prefix
     976                          if k:
     977                              k = ":" + k
     978                          write(" xmlns%s=\"%s\"" % (
     979                              k.encode(encoding),
     980                              _escape_attrib(v, encoding)
     981                              ))
     982                  for k, v in sorted(items):  # lexical order
     983                      if isinstance(k, QName):
     984                          k = k.text
     985                      if isinstance(v, QName):
     986                          v = qnames[v.text]
     987                      else:
     988                          v = _escape_attrib_html(v, encoding)
     989                      # FIXME: handle boolean attributes
     990                      write(" %s=\"%s\"" % (qnames[k], v))
     991              write(">")
     992              tag = tag.lower()
     993              if text:
     994                  if tag == "script" or tag == "style":
     995                      write(_encode(text, encoding))
     996                  else:
     997                      write(_escape_cdata(text, encoding))
     998              for e in elem:
     999                  _serialize_html(write, e, encoding, qnames, None)
    1000              if tag not in HTML_EMPTY:
    1001                  write("</" + tag + ">")
    1002      if elem.tail:
    1003          write(_escape_cdata(elem.tail, encoding))
    1004
    1005 -def _serialize_text(write, elem, encoding):
    1006      for part in elem.itertext():
    1007          write(part.encode(encoding))
    1008      if elem.tail:
    1009          write(elem.tail.encode(encoding))
    1010
    1011  _serialize = {
    1012      "xml": _serialize_xml,
    1013      "html": _serialize_html,
    1014      "text": _serialize_text,
    1015  # this optional method is imported at the end of the module
    1016  #   "c14n": _serialize_c14n,
    1017  }
    1018
    1019  ##
    1020  # Registers a namespace prefix.  The registry is global, and any
    1021  # existing mapping for either the given prefix or the namespace URI
    1022  # will be removed.
    1023  #
    1024  # @param prefix Namespace prefix.
    1025  # @param uri Namespace uri.  Tags and attributes in this namespace
    1026  #     will be serialized with the given prefix, if at all possible.
    1027  # @exception ValueError If the prefix is reserved, or is otherwise
    1028  #     invalid.
    1029
    1030 -def register_namespace(prefix, uri):
    1031      if re.match("ns\d+$", prefix):
    1032          raise ValueError("Prefix format reserved for internal use")
    1033      for k, v in _namespace_map.items():
    1034          if k == uri or v == prefix:
    1035              del _namespace_map[k]
    1036      _namespace_map[uri] = prefix
    1037
    1038  _namespace_map = {
    1039      # "well-known" namespace prefixes
    1040      "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace": "xml",
    1041      "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml": "html",
    1042      "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#": "rdf",
    1043      "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/": "wsdl",
    1044      # xml schema
    1045      "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema": "xs",
    1046      "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance": "xsi",
    1047      # dublin core
    1048      "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/": "dc",
    1049  }
    1050
    1051 -def _raise_serialization_error(text):
    1052      raise TypeError(
    1053          "cannot serialize %r (type %s)" % (text, type(text).__name__)
    1054          )
    1055
    1056 -def _encode(text, encoding):
    1057      try:
    1058          return text.encode(encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace")
    1059      except (TypeError, AttributeError):
    1060          _raise_serialization_error(text)
    1061
    1062 -def _escape_cdata(text, encoding):
    1063      # escape character data
    1064      try:
    1065          # it's worth avoiding do-nothing calls for strings that are
    1066          # shorter than 500 character, or so.  assume that's, by far,
    1067          # the most common case in most applications.
    1068          if "&" in text:
    1069              text = text.replace("&", "&amp;")
    1070          if "<" in text:
    1071              text = text.replace("<", "&lt;")
    1072          if ">" in text:
    1073              text = text.replace(">", "&gt;")
    1074          return text.encode(encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace")
    1075      except (TypeError, AttributeError):
    1076          _raise_serialization_error(text)
    1077
    1078 -def _escape_attrib(text, encoding):
    1079      # escape attribute value
    1080      try:
    1081          if "&" in text:
    1082              text = text.replace("&", "&amp;")
    1083          if "<" in text:
    1084              text = text.replace("<", "&lt;")
    1085          if ">" in text:
    1086              text = text.replace(">", "&gt;")
    1087          if "\"" in text:
    1088              text = text.replace("\"", "&quot;")
    1089          if "\n" in text:
    1090              text = text.replace("\n", "&#10;")
    1091          return text.encode(encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace")
    1092      except (TypeError, AttributeError):
    1093          _raise_serialization_error(text)
    1094
    1095 -def _escape_attrib_html(text, encoding):
    1096      # escape attribute value
    1097      try:
    1098          if "&" in text:
    1099              text = text.replace("&", "&amp;")
    1100          if ">" in text:
    1101              text = text.replace(">", "&gt;")
    1102          if "\"" in text:
    1103              text = text.replace("\"", "&quot;")
    1104          return text.encode(encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace")
    1105      except (TypeError, AttributeError):
    1106          _raise_serialization_error(text)
    1107
    1108  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1109
    1110  ##
    1111  # Generates a string representation of an XML element, including all
    1112  # subelements.
    1113  #
    1114  # @param element An Element instance.
    1115  # @keyparam encoding Optional output encoding (default is US-ASCII).
    1116  # @keyparam method Optional output method ("xml", "html", "text" or
    1117  #     "c14n"; default is "xml").
    1118  # @return An encoded string containing the XML data.
    1119  # @defreturn string
    1120
    1121 -def tostring(element, encoding=None, method=None):
    1122      class dummy:
    1123          pass
    1124      data = []
    1125      file = dummy()
    1126      file.write = data.append
    1127      ElementTree(element).write(file, encoding, method=method)
    1128      return "".join(data)
    1129
    1130  ##
    1131  # Generates a string representation of an XML element, including all
    1132  # subelements.  The string is returned as a sequence of string fragments.
    1133  #
    1134  # @param element An Element instance.
    1135  # @keyparam encoding Optional output encoding (default is US-ASCII).
    1136  # @keyparam method Optional output method ("xml", "html", "text" or
    1137  #     "c14n"; default is "xml").
    1138  # @return A sequence object containing the XML data.
    1139  # @defreturn sequence
    1140  # @since 1.3
    1141
    1142 -def tostringlist(element, encoding=None, method=None):
    1143      class dummy:
    1144          pass
    1145      data = []
    1146      file = dummy()
    1147      file.write = data.append
    1148      ElementTree(element).write(file, encoding, method=method)
    1149      # FIXME: merge small fragments into larger parts
    1150      return data
    1151
    1152  ##
    1153  # Writes an element tree or element structure to sys.stdout.  This
    1154  # function should be used for debugging only.
    1155  # <p>
    1156  # The exact output format is implementation dependent.  In this
    1157  # version, it's written as an ordinary XML file.
    1158  #
    1159  # @param elem An element tree or an individual element.
    1160
    1161 -def dump(elem):
    1162      # debugging
    1163      if not isinstance(elem, ElementTree):
    1164          elem = ElementTree(elem)
    1165      elem.write(sys.stdout)
    1166      tail = elem.getroot().tail
    1167      if not tail or tail[-1] != "\n":
    1168          sys.stdout.write("\n")
    1169
    1170  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1171  # parsing
    1172
    1173  ##
    1174  # Parses an XML document into an element tree.
    1175  #
    1176  # @param source A filename or file object containing XML data.
    1177  # @param parser An optional parser instance.  If not given, the
    1178  #     standard {@link XMLParser} parser is used.
    1179  # @return An ElementTree instance
    1180
    1181 -def parse(source, parser=None):
    1182      tree = ElementTree()
    1183      tree.parse(source, parser)
    1184      return tree
    1185
    1186  ##
    1187  # Parses an XML document into an element tree incrementally, and reports
    1188  # what's going on to the user.
    1189  #
    1190  # @param source A filename or file object containing XML data.
    1191  # @param events A list of events to report back.  If omitted, only "end"
    1192  #     events are reported.
    1193  # @param parser An optional parser instance.  If not given, the
    1194  #     standard {@link XMLParser} parser is used.
    1195  # @return A (event, elem) iterator.
    1196
    1197 -def iterparse(source, events=None, parser=None):
    1198      close_source = False
    1199      if not hasattr(source, "read"):
    1200          source = open(source, "rb")
    1201          close_source = True
    1202      if not parser:
    1203          parser = XMLParser(target=TreeBuilder())
    1204      return _IterParseIterator(source, events, parser, close_source)
    1205
    1206 -class _IterParseIterator(object):
    1207
    1208 -    def __init__(self, source, events, parser, close_source=False):
    1209          self._file = source
    1210          self._close_file = close_source
    1211          self._events = []
    1212          self._index = 0
    1213          self._error = None
    1214          self.root = self._root = None
    1215          self._parser = parser
    1216          # wire up the parser for event reporting
    1217          parser = self._parser._parser
    1218          append = self._events.append
    1219          if events is None:
    1220              events = ["end"]
    1221          for event in events:
    1222              if event == "start":
    1223                  try:
    1224                      parser.ordered_attributes = 1
    1225                      parser.specified_attributes = 1
    1226                      def handler(tag, attrib_in, event=event, append=append,
    1227                                  start=self._parser._start_list):
    1228                          append((event, start(tag, attrib_in)))
    1229                      parser.StartElementHandler = handler
    1230                  except AttributeError:
    1231                      def handler(tag, attrib_in, event=event, append=append,
    1232                                  start=self._parser._start):
    1233                          append((event, start(tag, attrib_in)))
    1234                      parser.StartElementHandler = handler
    1235              elif event == "end":
    1236                  def handler(tag, event=event, append=append,
    1237                              end=self._parser._end):
    1238                      append((event, end(tag)))
    1239                  parser.EndElementHandler = handler
    1240              elif event == "start-ns":
    1241                  def handler(prefix, uri, event=event, append=append):
    1242                      try:
    1243                          uri = (uri or "").encode("ascii")
    1244                      except UnicodeError:
    1245                          pass
    1246                      append((event, (prefix or "", uri or "")))
    1247                  parser.StartNamespaceDeclHandler = handler
    1248              elif event == "end-ns":
    1249                  def handler(prefix, event=event, append=append):
    1250                      append((event, None))
    1251                  parser.EndNamespaceDeclHandler = handler
    1252              else:
    1253                  raise ValueError("unknown event %r" % event)
    1254
    1255 -    def next(self):
    1256          while 1:
    1257              try:
    1258                  item = self._events[self._index]
    1259                  self._index += 1
    1260                  return item
    1261              except IndexError:
    1262                  pass
    1263              if self._error:
    1264                  e = self._error
    1265                  self._error = None
    1266                  raise e
    1267              if self._parser is None:
    1268                  self.root = self._root
    1269                  if self._close_file:
    1270                      self._file.close()
    1271                  raise StopIteration
    1272              # load event buffer
    1273              del self._events[:]
    1274              self._index = 0
    1275              data = self._file.read(16384)
    1276              if data:
    1277                  try:
    1278                      self._parser.feed(data)
    1279                  except SyntaxError as exc:
    1280                      self._error = exc
    1281              else:
    1282                  self._root = self._parser.close()
    1283                  self._parser = None
    1284
    1285 -    def __iter__(self):
    1286          return self
    1287
    1288  ##
    1289  # Parses an XML document from a string constant.  This function can
    1290  # be used to embed "XML literals" in Python code.
    1291  #
    1292  # @param source A string containing XML data.
    1293  # @param parser An optional parser instance.  If not given, the
    1294  #     standard {@link XMLParser} parser is used.
    1295  # @return An Element instance.
    1296  # @defreturn Element
    1297
    1298 -def XML(text, parser=None):
    1299      if not parser:
    1300          parser = XMLParser(target=TreeBuilder())
    1301      parser.feed(text)
    1302      return parser.close()
    1303
    1304  ##
    1305  # Parses an XML document from a string constant, and also returns
    1306  # a dictionary which maps from element id:s to elements.
    1307  #
    1308  # @param source A string containing XML data.
    1309  # @param parser An optional parser instance.  If not given, the
    1310  #     standard {@link XMLParser} parser is used.
    1311  # @return A tuple containing an Element instance and a dictionary.
    1312  # @defreturn (Element, dictionary)
    1313
    1314 -def XMLID(text, parser=None):
    1315      if not parser:
    1316          parser = XMLParser(target=TreeBuilder())
    1317      parser.feed(text)
    1318      tree = parser.close()
    1319      ids = {}
    1320      for elem in tree.iter():
    1321          id = elem.get("id")
    1322          if id:
    1323              ids[id] = elem
    1324      return tree, ids
    1325
    1326  ##
    1327  # Parses an XML document from a string constant.  Same as {@link #XML}.
    1328  #
    1329  # @def fromstring(text)
    1330  # @param source A string containing XML data.
    1331  # @return An Element instance.
    1332  # @defreturn Element
    1333
    1334  fromstring = XML
    1335
    1336  ##
    1337  # Parses an XML document from a sequence of string fragments.
    1338  #
    1339  # @param sequence A list or other sequence containing XML data fragments.
    1340  # @param parser An optional parser instance.  If not given, the
    1341  #     standard {@link XMLParser} parser is used.
    1342  # @return An Element instance.
    1343  # @defreturn Element
    1344  # @since 1.3
    1345
    1346 -def fromstringlist(sequence, parser=None):
    1347      if not parser:
    1348          parser = XMLParser(target=TreeBuilder())
    1349      for text in sequence:
    1350          parser.feed(text)
    1351      return parser.close()
    1352
    1353  # --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1354
    1355  ##
    1356  # Generic element structure builder.  This builder converts a sequence
    1357  # of {@link #TreeBuilder.start}, {@link #TreeBuilder.data}, and {@link
    1358  # #TreeBuilder.end} method calls to a well-formed element structure.
    1359  # <p>
    1360  # You can use this class to build an element structure using a custom XML
    1361  # parser, or a parser for some other XML-like format.
    1362  #
    1363  # @param element_factory Optional element factory.  This factory
    1364  #    is called to create new Element instances, as necessary.
    1365
    1366 -class TreeBuilder(object):
    1367
    1368 -    def __init__(self, element_factory=None):
    1369          self._data = [] # data collector
    1370          self._elem = [] # element stack
    1371          self._last = None # last element
    1372          self._tail = None # true if we're after an end tag
    1373          if element_factory is None:
    1374              element_factory = Element
    1375          self._factory = element_factory
    1376
    1377      ##
    1378      # Flushes the builder buffers, and returns the toplevel document
    1379      # element.
    1380      #
    1381      # @return An Element instance.
    1382      # @defreturn Element
    1383
    1384 -    def close(self):
    1385          assert len(self._elem) == 0, "missing end tags"
    1386          assert self._last is not None, "missing toplevel element"
    1387          return self._last
    1388
    1389 -    def _flush(self):
    1390          if self._data:
    1391              if self._last is not None:
    1392                  text = "".join(self._data)
    1393                  if self._tail:
    1394                      assert self._last.tail is None, "internal error (tail)"
    1395                      self._last.tail = text
    1396                  else:
    1397                      assert self._last.text is None, "internal error (text)"
    1398                      self._last.text = text
    1399              self._data = []
    1400
    1401      ##
    1402      # Adds text to the current element.
    1403      #
    1404      # @param data A string.  This should be either an 8-bit string
    1405      #    containing ASCII text, or a Unicode string.
    1406
    1407 -    def data(self, data):
    1408          self._data.append(data)
    1409
    1410      ##
    1411      # Opens a new element.
    1412      #
    1413      # @param tag The element name.
    1414      # @param attrib A dictionary containing element attributes.
    1415      # @return The opened element.
    1416      # @defreturn Element
    1417
    1418 -    def start(self, tag, attrs):
    1419          self._flush()
    1420          self._last = elem = self._factory(tag, attrs)
    1421          if self._elem:
    1422              self._elem[-1].append(elem)
    1423          self._elem.append(elem)
    1424          self._tail = 0
    1425          return elem
    1426
    1427      ##
    1428      # Closes the current element.
    1429      #
    1430      # @param tag The element name.
    1431      # @return The closed element.
    1432      # @defreturn Element
    1433
    1434 -    def end(self, tag):
    1435          self._flush()
    1436          self._last = self._elem.pop()
    1437          assert self._last.tag == tag,\
    1438                 "end tag mismatch (expected %s, got %s)" % (
    1439                     self._last.tag, tag)
    1440          self._tail = 1
    1441          return self._last
    1442
    1443  ##
    1444  # Element structure builder for XML source data, based on the
    1445  # <b>expat</b> parser.
    1446  #
    1447  # @keyparam target Target object.  If omitted, the builder uses an
    1448  #     instance of the standard {@link #TreeBuilder} class.
    1449  # @keyparam html Predefine HTML entities.  This flag is not supported
    1450  #     by the current implementation.
    1451  # @keyparam encoding Optional encoding.  If given, the value overrides
    1452  #     the encoding specified in the XML file.
    1453  # @see #ElementTree
    1454  # @see #TreeBuilder
    1455
    1456 -class XMLParser(object):
    1457
    1458 -    def __init__(self, html=0, target=None, encoding=None):
    1459          try:
    1460              from xml.parsers import expat
    1461          except ImportError:
    1462              try:
    1463                  import pyexpat as expat
    1464              except ImportError:
    1465                  raise ImportError(
    1466                      "No module named expat; use SimpleXMLTreeBuilder instead"
    1467                      )
    1468          parser = expat.ParserCreate(encoding, "}")
    1469          if target is None:
    1470              target = TreeBuilder()
    1471          # underscored names are provided for compatibility only
    1472          self.parser = self._parser = parser
    1473          self.target = self._target = target
    1474          self._error = expat.error
    1475          self._names = {} # name memo cache
    1476          # callbacks
    1477          parser.DefaultHandlerExpand = self._default
    1478          parser.StartElementHandler = self._start
    1479          parser.EndElementHandler = self._end
    1480          parser.CharacterDataHandler = self._data
    1481          # optional callbacks
    1482          parser.CommentHandler = self._comment
    1483          parser.ProcessingInstructionHandler = self._pi
    1484          # let expat do the buffering, if supported
    1485          try:
    1486              self._parser.buffer_text = 1
    1487          except AttributeError:
    1488              pass
    1489          # use new-style attribute handling, if supported
    1490          try:
    1491              self._parser.ordered_attributes = 1
    1492              self._parser.specified_attributes = 1
    1493              parser.StartElementHandler = self._start_list
    1494          except AttributeError:
    1495              pass
    1496          self._doctype = None
    1497          self.entity = {}
    1498          try:
    1499              self.version = "Expat %d.%d.%d" % expat.version_info
    1500          except AttributeError:
    1501              pass # unknown
    1502
    1503 -    def _raiseerror(self, value):
    1504          err = ParseError(value)
    1505          err.code = value.code
    1506          err.position = value.lineno, value.offset
    1507          raise err
    1508
    1509 -    def _fixtext(self, text):
    1510          # convert text string to ascii, if possible
    1511          try:
    1512              return text.encode("ascii")
    1513          except UnicodeError:
    1514              return text
    1515
    1516 -    def _fixname(self, key):
    1517          # expand qname, and convert name string to ascii, if possible
    1518          try:
    1519              name = self._names[key]
    1520          except KeyError:
    1521              name = key
    1522              if "}" in name:
    1523                  name = "{" + name
    1524              self._names[key] = name = self._fixtext(name)
    1525          return name
    1526
    1527 -    def _start(self, tag, attrib_in):
    1528          fixname = self._fixname
    1529          fixtext = self._fixtext
    1530          tag = fixname(tag)
    1531          attrib = {}
    1532          for key, value in attrib_in.items():
    1533              attrib[fixname(key)] = fixtext(value)
    1534          return self.target.start(tag, attrib)
    1535
    1536 -    def _start_list(self, tag, attrib_in):
    1537          fixname = self._fixname
    1538          fixtext = self._fixtext
    1539          tag = fixname(tag)
    1540          attrib = {}
    1541          if attrib_in:
    1542              for i in range(0, len(attrib_in), 2):
    1543                  attrib[fixname(attrib_in[i])] = fixtext(attrib_in[i+1])
    1544          return self.target.start(tag, attrib)
    1545
    1546 -    def _data(self, text):
    1547          return self.target.data(self._fixtext(text))
    1548
    1549 -    def _end(self, tag):
    1550          return self.target.end(self._fixname(tag))
    1551
    1552 -    def _comment(self, data):
    1553          try:
    1554              comment = self.target.comment
    1555          except AttributeError:
    1556              pass
    1557          else:
    1558              return comment(self._fixtext(data))
    1559
    1560 -    def _pi(self, target, data):
    1561          try:
    1562              pi = self.target.pi
    1563          except AttributeError:
    1564              pass
    1565          else:
    1566              return pi(self._fixtext(target), self._fixtext(data))
    1567
    1568 -    def _default(self, text):
    1569          prefix = text[:1]
    1570          if prefix == "&":
    1571              # deal with undefined entities
    1572              try:
    1573                  self.target.data(self.entity[text[1:-1]])
    1574              except KeyError:
    1575                  from xml.parsers import expat
    1576                  err = expat.error(
    1577                      "undefined entity %s: line %d, column %d" %
    1578                      (text, self._parser.ErrorLineNumber,
    1579                      self._parser.ErrorColumnNumber)
    1580                      )
    1581                  err.code = 11 # XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY
    1582                  err.lineno = self._parser.ErrorLineNumber
    1583                  err.offset = self._parser.ErrorColumnNumber
    1584                  raise err
    1585          elif prefix == "<" and text[:9] == "<!DOCTYPE":
    1586              self._doctype = [] # inside a doctype declaration
    1587          elif self._doctype is not None:
    1588              # parse doctype contents
    1589              if prefix == ">":
    1590                  self._doctype = None
    1591                  return
    1592              text = text.strip()
    1593              if not text:
    1594                  return
    1595              self._doctype.append(text)
    1596              n = len(self._doctype)
    1597              if n > 2:
    1598                  type = self._doctype[1]
    1599                  if type == "PUBLIC" and n == 4:
    1600                      name, type, pubid, system = self._doctype
    1601                  elif type == "SYSTEM" and n == 3:
    1602                      name, type, system = self._doctype
    1603                      pubid = None
    1604                  else:
    1605                      return
    1606                  if pubid:
    1607                      pubid = pubid[1:-1]
    1608                  if hasattr(self.target, "doctype"):
    1609                      self.target.doctype(name, pubid, system[1:-1])
    1610                  elif self.doctype is not self._XMLParser__doctype:
    1611                      # warn about deprecated call
    1612                      self._XMLParser__doctype(name, pubid, system[1:-1])
    1613                      self.doctype(name, pubid, system[1:-1])
    1614                  self._doctype = None
    1615
    1616      ##
    1617      # (Deprecated) Handles a doctype declaration.
    1618      #
    1619      # @param name Doctype name.
    1620      # @param pubid Public identifier.
    1621      # @param system System identifier.
    1622
    1623 -    def doctype(self, name, pubid, system):
    1624          """This method of XMLParser is deprecated."""
    1625          warnings.warn(
    1626              "This method of XMLParser is deprecated.  Define doctype() "
    1627              "method on the TreeBuilder target.",
    1628              DeprecationWarning,
    1629              )
    1630
    1631      # sentinel, if doctype is redefined in a subclass
    1632      __doctype = doctype
    1633
    1634      ##
    1635      # Feeds data to the parser.
    1636      #
    1637      # @param data Encoded data.
    1638
    1639 -    def feed(self, data):
    1640          try:
    1641              self._parser.Parse(data, 0)
    1642          except self._error, v:
    1643              self._raiseerror(v)
    1644
    1645      ##
    1646      # Finishes feeding data to the parser.
    1647      #
    1648      # @return An element structure.
    1649      # @defreturn Element
    1650
    1651 -    def close(self):
    1652          try:
    1653              self._parser.Parse("", 1) # end of data
    1654          except self._error, v:
    1655              self._raiseerror(v)
    1656          tree = self.target.close()
    1657          del self.target, self._parser # get rid of circular references
    1658          return tree
    1659
    1660  # compatibility
    1661  XMLTreeBuilder = XMLParser
    1662
    1663  # workaround circular import.
    1664  try:
    1665      from ElementC14N import _serialize_c14n
    1666      _serialize["c14n"] = _serialize_c14n
    1667  except ImportError:
    1668      pass
    1669